The ordeal of the jungle: race and the Chicago Federation of Labor, 1903-1922

Introduction: race and American labor history

"A deep, dark plot": race in the Chicago labor movement, 1894-1905

"Every Negro can make a fight": race and the CFL campaign, 1916-1921

"Demoralized by its own weaknesses": the structural limits of federated unionism, 1916-1921

"Between two fires": white and black workers confront interracial unionism, 1916-1921

"Patience is no longer a virtue": the CFL and the Chicago Race Riot of 1919

"Boring from within": race and the decline of the CFL, 1919-1922

Conclusion: the past, present, and future of interracial unionism.